Nietz sche’s Naturalist Morality of Breeding
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چکیده
Nietz sche’s endorsement of a “morality of breeding” (Züchtung), which he opposes to the morality of “taming” or “domestication” (Zähmung), invites worry that his philosophy may be compatible with ethically dangerous forms of eugenics and, consequently, with the historically associated practices of discrimination, racism, and genocide.1 While there is a general consensus that Nietz sche does not actively or directly endorse racial discrimination or po liti cal violence, the failure to clearly exclude such egregious views would be su!cient reason to seriously question any major positive contribution Nietz sche might make to ethical philosophy.2 In this paper, I directly oppose Nietz sche’s morality of breeding to all forms of comparative eugenics. By comparative eugenics, I have in mind any eugenic program that identi"es bene"t or harm to individuals or the species on the basis of comparatively evaluated traits. For example, to ge ne tically engineer intelligence or talent for the purpose of making an individual competitive in the economic, cultural, or social spheres would count as comparative eugenics, since in this context ability must be greater than the norm to count as improved. I will argue, further, that Nietz schean breeding is directly opposed to both positive and negative forms of comparative eugenics, that is, to both 11
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